This course helps guide primary care clinicians (PCCs) in the evidence-based processes for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring of children and adolescents with ADHD. It provides practical ways to measure and improve the quality of ADHD care delivery.

Longterm study in USA shows increased numbers in diagnosed ADHD between 1998 and 2018. Critically read, we must review our diagnostic procedures to reduce falsely diagnosed ADHD and increase our committment to achieve better outcomes in adulthood.

An increasing prevalence of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
diagnosis and treatment has been reported in clinical settings and administrative data in the United States.
This study confirmed the reported increases in rates of ADHD
diagnosis among adults, showing substantially lower rates of detection among minority racial/ethnic
subgroups in the United States. Higher odds of negative outcomes reflect the economic and personal
consequences that substantiate the need to improve assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults.
JAMA Network Open. 2019;2(11):e1914344. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14344

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy appears to be associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring, according to a study published in the Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Comment: criteria for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD should be more differentiated, same for treatment controls, to achieve a better longterm outcome.

L-Theanine-caffeine combination may be a potential therapeutic option for ADHD-associated impairments in sustained attention, inhibitory control and overall cognitive performance.